1. broken hdd disk backup 1) remote-server nc -v -l [port] > hdd_backup.img 2) equipment of broken hdd dd if=/dev/sda | nc -v [remote-server IP] [port] ex) 1) remote-server nc -v -l 2222 > hdd_backup.img 2) equipment of broken hdd dd if=/dev/sda | nc -v 1.1.1.1 2222 2. use recovery tool testdisk (http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Download) 3. run fsck from img file # losetup --offset 32256 /dev/loop2 harddrive.img # fsck /dev/loop2 and again testdisk reference: https://major.io/2010/12/14/mounting-a-raw-partition-file-made-with-dd-or-dd_rescue-in-linux/ https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=136766